Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder? This common question arises frequently in academic settings and clinical discussions. As Australia’s autism prevalence reaches 1 in 100 children (Autism Spectrum Australia data), understanding these diagnostic markers becomes increasingly important. Let’s break down the answer with clinical precision and real-world context.
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?
Analysis of top-ranking competitors reveals most lack:
- DSM-5 diagnostic criteria integration
- Australian-specific prevalence data
- Differentiation between ASD and similar conditions
A. Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.
B. Gemma is quick to anger and is incapable of dealing with a situation in which she is not the center of attention.
C. Gemma is submissive and physically clings to the people around her.
D. Gemma is very impulsive—as soon as an idea enters her head she acts upon it.
The clinically validated answer is A
Option A aligns with DSM-5 Criterion A for ASD: “Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts.” The described behaviors—social avoidance and lack of conversational reciprocity—are cardinal symptoms observed in approximately 85% of ASD cases according to Autism CRC research.
Let’s examine why other options represent different neurodevelopmental profiles:
- B. Describes emotional dysregulation characteristic of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder or narcissistic traits, not ASD core symptoms
- C. Suggests attachment behaviors more aligned with Reactive Attachment Disorder or anxiety conditions
- D. Indicates impulsivity typical of ADHD or impulse control disorders, absent the social communication deficits required for ASD diagnosis
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD): Australian clinical perspective
ASD manifests uniquely across individuals, but Australian diagnostic guidelines emphasize these core domains:
| Social Communication | Restricted/Repetitive Behaviors |
| • Limited eye contact • Difficulty understanding social cues • Lack of shared enjoyment | • Stereotyped movements • Insistence on sameness • Highly restricted interests |
New research from the Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre shows early signs often include:
- No response to name by 12 months
- Limited pretend play by 24 months
- Unusual sensory responses (e.g., texture aversion)
Differential diagnosis: Why confusion occurs
Many conditions share superficial similarities with ASD. Our comparative analysis reveals:
- Social Anxiety: Desire for interaction vs ASD’s lack of social motivation
- ADHD: Impulsivity without the social communication deficits
- Language Disorders: Communication challenges without restricted interests
Clinical FAQs: Beyond textbook answers
Which diagnostic tools do Australian clinicians use for ASD assessment?
Gold-standard assessments include:
• ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule)
• ADI-R (Autism Diagnostic Interview)
• 3Di (Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview)
Australian practitioners often combine these with sensory profiles and cognitive assessments.
How does ASD presentation differ in girls?
Female presentation often includes:
• More advanced social masking skills
• Special interests in socially acceptable topics (e.g., animals, literature)
• Better verbal abilities that may delay diagnosis
Recent studies suggest the male-to-female ratio may be closer to 3:1 than previously thought.
What are the first signs parents typically notice?
Most common early concerns:
• Limited response to name (86% of cases)
• Reduced pointing to share interest (78%)
• Unusual play patterns (64%)
• Sensory sensitivities (59%)
Data from Autism Awareness Australia’s early detection program.
Can adults be diagnosed with ASD in Australia?
Yes. The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) recognizes adult diagnoses using:
• Detailed developmental history
• Current functional assessments
• Evidence of lifelong symptoms
Many adults seek assessment after recognizing traits in their diagnosed children.
Key takeaways for students and clinicians
- Social communication deficits remain the pathognomonic feature of ASD
- Always consider developmental history and symptom onset patterns
- Australian diagnostic pathways emphasize multidisciplinary assessment
- Differential diagnosis requires careful evaluation of underlying motivations
